BRS Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Thoroughly updated for its Fifth Edition, this popular review book is an excellent aid for USMLE Step 1 preparation and for coursework in biochemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Chapters are written in an outline format and include pedagogical features such as bolded key words, figures, tables, algorithms, and highlighted clinical correlates. USMLE-style questions and answers follow each chapter and a comprehensive exam appears at the end of the book. A companion website includes an interactive question bank with questions from the book and the fully searchable text. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY REVIEW I. Brief Review of Organic ChemistryII. Acids, Bases, and Buffers III. Carbohydrate Structure IV. Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, and Glycolipids V. Amino Acids VI. Lipids VII. Membranes VIII. Nucleotides Review Test 1. PROTEIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION I. General Aspects of Protein Structure II. Examples of Medically Important Proteins Review Test 2. ENZYMES I. General Properties of Enzymes II. Dependence of Velocity on Enzyme and Substrate Concentrations, Temperature, and pH III. The Michaelis-Menten Equation IV. The Lineweaver-Burk Plot V. Inhibitors VI. Allosteric Enzymes VII. Regulation of Enzyme Activity by Post-Translational (Covalent) Modification VIII. Regulation by Protein&ampndashProtein Interactions IX. Isoenzymes Review Test 3. BIOCHEMISTRY OF DIGESTION I. Digestion of Carbohydrates II. Digestion of Dietary Triacylglycerol III. Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Absorptio Review Test 4. GLYCOLYSIS I. General Overview II. Transport of Glucose into Cells III. Reactions of Glycolysis IV. Special Reactions in Red Blood Cells V. Regulatory Enzymes of Glycolysis VI. The Fate of Pyruvate VII. Generation of Adenosine Triphosphate by Glycolysis Review Test 5. THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, AND OXIDATIVE METABOLISM I. The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle II. Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation III. Reactive Oxygen Species Review Test 6. GLYCOGEN METABOLISM I. Overview of Glycogen Structure and Metabolism II. Glycogen Structure III. Glycogen Synthesis IV. Glycogen Degradation V. Lysosomal Degradation of Glycogen VI. Regulation of Glycogen Degradation VII. Regulation of Glycogen Synthesis Review Test 7. GLUCONEOGENESIS AND THE MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS I. Overview II. Reactions of Gluconeogenesis III. Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels Review Test 8. MISCELLANEOUS CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM I. Fructose and Galactose Metabolism II. Pentose Phosphate Pathway III. Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, and Glycolipids Review Test 9. FATTY ACID METABOLISM I. Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis II. Formation of Triacylglycerol Stores in Adipose Tissue III. Fatty Acid Oxidation IV. High Yield Comparison from Fatty Acid Synthesis and Oxidation Review Test 10. CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM AND BLOOD LIPOPROTEINS I. Cholesterol and Bile Salt Metabolism 1 II. Blood Lipoproteins Review Test   11. KETONES AND OTHER LIPID DERIVATIVES I. Ketone Body Synthesis and Utilization II. Phospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism III. Metabolism of the Eicosanoids IV. Synthesis of the Steroid Hormones Review Test 12. AMINO ACID METABOLISM I. Addition and Removal of Amino Acid Nitrogen II. Urea Cycle III. Synthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids Review Test 13. PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM AMINO ACIDS II. Tetrahydrofolate and S-Adenosylmethionine: The One-Carbon Carriers Review Test 14. NUCLEOTIDE AND PORPHYRIN METABOLISM I. Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism II. Heme Metabolism Review Test 15. INTEGRATIVE METABOLISM AND NUTRITION I. Metabolic Fuels and Dietary Requirements II. Metabolism During the Fed or Absorptive State III. Fasting IV. Prolonged Fasting (Starvation) V. Biochemical Functions of Tissues Review Test 16. MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY I. General Mechanisms of Hormone Action II. Regulation of Hormone Levels III. Actions of Specific Hormones Review Test 17. DNA REPLICATION AND TRANSCRIPTION I. Nucleic Acid Structure II. Synthesis of DNA (Replication) III. Synthesis of RNA (Transcription) Review Test 18. RNA TRANSLATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS I. Protein Synthesis (Translation of Messenger RNA) II. Regulation of Protein Synthesis Review Test 19. GENETICS I. Chromosomes II. Cell Cycle III. Control of the Cell Cycle IV. Meiosis V. Gene Dosage VI. Fundamentals of Mendelian Genetics VII. The Punnett Square VIII. Modes of Inheritance IX. Moderators of Inheritance X. Hardy-Weinberg Principle XI. Genetic Testing Review Test 20. BIOCHEMISTRY OF CANCER I. Oncogenes II. Tumor-Suppressor Genes III. Apoptosis IV. Mechanism of Oncogenesis V. Molecular Carcinogenesis VI. DNA Repair and Carcinogenesis VII. Molecular Progression of Cancer VIII. Molecular Markers in Cancer Biology Review Test 21. TECHNIQUES IN BIOCHEMISTRY, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENETICS I. Biotechnology Involving Recombinant DNA II. Technology Involving Proteins Review Test Comprehensive Examination Index