Cerebral Vasospasm: Advances in Research and Treatment 1st Edition

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With contributions from the top neurovascular centers around the world, this valuable resource explores the remarkable progress made in treating cerebral vasospasm, enhanced by nearly 200 high-quality illustrations. Coverage includes: the role of potassium channels, the use of PET scanning, management with thrombolytic agents, decision analysis in treatment plans, and much more. You will also find the latest information on molecular mechanisms, remodeling and inflammation, experimental endothelium research, and the pathophysiology of vasospasm. Special features Contributions from top international specialists Reviews all new clinical and research advances Offers authoritative coverage of pathophysiology, experimental treatments, endovascular surgery, and other important management issues Nearly 200 clear images bring material to life and highlight key concepts Straightforward text designed for easy readability and quick reference The study of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has seen great strides in the past decade, leading to significant progress in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Offering an incisive summary of these advances, here is the book that all neurosurgeons, vascular specialists, emergency room physicians, andneuroradiologists need for a deeper understanding of this multi-faceted condition. Table of Contents 1) Signaling Pathways in Cerebral Vasospasm 2) A New Approach to the Mechanism of Smooth Muscle Contraction - Calmodulin Sensor MLC Kinase Mice 3) Changes in Vascular Ion Channels After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 4) Inhibition of Src Tyrosine Kinase Reduces Experimental Cerebral Vasospasm 5) Potassium Channels in Experimental Cerebral Vasospasm 6) Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Induced Arterial Contraction and Ca2+ Sensitization 7) Potential Role of Potassium Channels in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Vascular Relaxation in Rat Basilar Artery: A Patch Clamp Study 8) The Role of Calcium Activated Potassium Channels in the Mouse Model of Chronic Cerebral Vasospasm 9) Protein Kinase C Isoforms, Rho Kinase and Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation as a Mechanism of Cerebral Vasospasm After SAH 10) Magnesium in SAH - Is it that Simple? 11) Pathogenesis of Cerebral Vasospasm - The Role of Microcirculatory Changes 12) Bilirubin Oxidation Products and Their Possible Role in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Cerebral Vasospasm 13) Activation of Microglia Following Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats 14) Smooth Muscle Phenotype Change in Canine Basilar Artery After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 15) Inflammation and Cerebral Vasospasm: New Perspectives 16) Pathophysiology of Delayed Vasospasm After SAH: New Hypothesis and Implications for Treatment 17) Endothelin B Receptor Null Mutation Prevents Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Cerebral Vasospasm in the Rat in Vivo 18) Experimental SAH Alters Endothelin Receptor Phenotype in Rat Cerebral Arteries 19) Endothelial Dysfunction in a Primate Model of Cerebral Vasospasm 20) Increased Contractile Effect of Endothelin-1 on Isolated Rat Basilar Artery After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 21) . CSF Levels of ADMA, an Endogenous Inhibitor of Nitric Oxide Synthase, are Associated With Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 22) Monitoring Activation of Cerebral Endothelin System after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Measuring C-terminal Fragment in Cerebrospinal Fluid 23) Cytokines Produce Apoptosis in Cultured Cerebral Endothelial Cells 24) Controversial Issues Regarding the Pathophysiology of Vasospasm 25) Cerebral Vasospasm Revisited: SAH Syndrome 26) Intravascular Adenoviral Gene Transfection to Monkey Cerebral Artery Using Micro-Balloon Catheters 27) Oxyhemoglobin Potentiation of Thromboxane A2-Induced Contraction of Porcine Basilar Arteries 28) Cytosolic Calcium Oscillations Induced by Cisternal CSF from SAH Patients 29) Nicotine Exposure PotentiatesVasoconstriction of Canine Basilar Artery via Protein Kinase C Activation and Attenuation of Nitric Oxide Synthesis 30) Experimental SAH Upregulates 5-HT1B Receptors in Rat Cerebral Arteries 31) What is the Key Factor Expressed in Human Spastic Arteries After SAH? 32) Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 in a Rat Subarachnoid Hemorrhgae Model 33) Interactive Role of Protein Kinase C Isoforms and Rho Kinase in Vasospasm after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 34) Possible Role of Heme Oxygenase 1 and Ferritin in Cerebral Vasospasm after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 35) Hypothermia Reduces the Metabolic Alterations Caused by Acute Vasospasm Following SAH: A Microdialysis and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study in Rats 36) Prevention of Experimental Cerebral Vasospasm by Intrathecal Delivery of Liposomal Fasudil 37) Magnesium and Cerebral Vasospasm 38) Phosphodiesterase V Inhibitor for the Treatment of Chronic Cerebral Vasospasm in Dogs 39) Intraoperative Microvascular Doppler Sonography for Monitoring Vasospasm and Uses of Topical Vasodilators During Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery 40) Basilar Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: TCD and SPECT Correlation 41) Comparison of PET Cerebral Perfusion With Transcranial Doppler in SAH Patients With Neurological Deterioration 42) Brain Perfusion CT inSevere Symptomatic Vasospasm 43) Vasospasm and Regional Brain Perfusion - Correlation between TCD and CT Perfusion Measurement 44) Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring for the Diagnosis of Delayed Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 45) Gender and Clinical Cerebral Vasospasm in Yorkshire, UK 46) Factors Influencing Vasospasm after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Observational Study in the North of England 47) Grading Scale for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Based on a Modification of The World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Scale 48) Effect of Inotrope Induced Blood Pressure Changes on Cerebral Perfusion in Patients With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - a Positron Emission Tomography Study 49) The Role of Isoprostane in Vasospasm after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Humans: A Preliminary Experience 50) S100 and Neuron Specific Enolase as Predictors of Cerebral Vasospasm and Infarcts in Patients After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 51) The APACHE Score for Early Detection of Cerebral Vasospasm 52) Sequential Changes in Oxyhemoglobin in Fluid Drained From SAH Patients Undergoing Cisternal Irrigation 53) Gender and Racial Factors in the Outcome of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mississippi 54) Invited Lecture: Clinical Trial Dilemmas in Vasospasm 55) Circulating Blood Volume After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 56) Cerebrovascular Effects of Hypertonic Saline in Poor Grade Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 57) Panax Notoginseng Saponins for Prevention of Vasospasm and/or Delayed Ischemic Neurological Deficits after SAH: A Review 58) Effect of Hydrocortisone on Excess Natriuresis in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 59) Safety and Efficacy of the Different Components of Hemodynamic Therapy in Patients with Symptomatic Vasospasm 60) Symptomatic Vasospasm After Early Surgical and Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms 61) Endovascular Treatment for Cerebral Vasospasm 62) CSF Drainage for Prevention of Cerebral Vasospasm after Surgical Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms 63) Cerebral Vasospasm is Markedly Reduced by Lumbar CSF Drainage 64) Fenestration of the Lamina Terminalis Reduces the Incidence of Vasospasm After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage From Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms 65) Clinical Trial of Nicardipine Prolonged-Release Implants for Prevention of Vasospasm 66) Transdermal Nitrogylcerin in Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Pilot Study 67) Decision Analysis in the Treatment of Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 68) Effects of Fasudil HCl, a Protein Kinase Inhibitor, on Cerebral Vasospasm and Infarction 69) Fasudil Hydrochloride for Vasospasm After Early Surgery for Good Grade Patients with Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 70) Analysis of Patients With Cerebral Infarction Caused by Vasospasm After Intraarterial Administration of Fasudil Hydrochloride 71) Therapeutic Strategies for Cerebral Vasospasm After SAH: Efficacy of a Combination of Intraventricular Urokinase and Intraarterial Fasudil 72) Effects of Intrathecal Fibrinolytic Therapy on Clot Lysis and Development of Cerebral Vasospasm in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Following Endovascular Therapy 73) Intracisternal Thrombolysis With Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Severe Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 74) Prevention of Vasospasm by Cisternal Irrigation with Urokinase and Ascorbic Acid 75) Prevention of Vasospasm - Surgical Procedures and Postoperative Management in Patients Undergoing Cisternal Irrigation 76) Prevention of Symptomatic Vasospasm by Intermittent Cisternal Irrigation With Urokinase and Ascorbic Acid