Endosonography in Gastroenterology: Principles, Techniques, Findings 1st Edition

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Since endoscopic ultrasonography was first used approximately 15 years ago, it has become a valuable adjunct tool, supplementing endoscopy, conventional ultrasound, and CT for a large number of specific indications. Features of this book include: physical laws and technology as necessary for an understanding of the imaging technique; indications and clinical value of the method for specific indications; examination technique in normal findings as the basis of evaluation: for example, passage through the esophagus and stomach are shown step by step using more than 30 illustrations. All original photographs are explained with correlated line drawings, aiding the unexperienced examiner to interpret images with confidence. Written by authors who were pioneers in the method, and who have established an international reputation. Table of Contents 1. Physical Principles - Endosonographic Appearance of the Normal Gastrointestinal Tract by Y. Darlas, R. Clouard Interactions between ultrasound and soft tissues: Reflection and scattering Pulse duration, frequency and wavelength Production of echoes in biological tissues Practical effects of reflection and scattering Generation of ultrasound images Visualization of interfaces Visualization of tissue layers Effects of amplification Effects of the reflection coefficient Effects of frequency Elementary endosonographic model of the normal gastrointestinal tract Premises of the connective layer model Esophageal wall Rectal wall Stomach wall Scattering - Beam focusing artifacts - Conclusions Scattering Beam focusing artifacts Conclusions Concluding remarks Appendix: Essential acoustic data for the simulations References 2. Endoscopic Ultrasonography of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract and Colon H. Dancygier, C. J. Lightdale, P. D. Stevens Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Equipment and technical requirements Linear (convex) array systems Radial (sector) scanning systems EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy Endoluminal ultrasound miniprobes Display unit Image recording Personnel and space requirements Indications Contraindications and complications Patient preparation Examination technique and normal appearances Stomach and esophagus Duodenum, pancreas, bile ducts, abdominal vessels Pathological findings Esophagus Benign diseases Malignant diseases Clinical value of EUS Stomach Benign diseases Malignant diseases Clinical value of EUS Pancreas Benign diseases Malignant diseases Clinical value of EUS Biliary System Benign diseases Malignant diseases Clinical value of EUS Common pitfalls and mistakes in the interpretation of endosonographic images of the upper gastrointestinal tract Clinical value of endoscopic ultrasonography - What impact does it have on patient management strategies? Colon Technical requirements Patient preparation Indications Contraindications and complications Examination technique and normal appearances Pathological findings Benign diseases Malignant diseases Clinical value of EUS References 3. Endorectal Ultrasonography - Theoretical Principles, in vitro Trials, Clinical Applications by V. Paolucci, C. Luther, B. Schaeff, E. Staib-Sebler, M. Boscaini, A. Montori In vitro endosonography of the rectal wall Equipment and technical requirements Preparation of the ultrasound equipment Patient preparation Image recording Examination technique Clinical application of endorectal ultrasonography Normal endosonographic appearances Anal canal Rectum Perianal and perirectal structures Indications Pathologic findings Staging of rectal cancer Other tumors Other indications Conclusions References 4. Laparoscopic Sonography by J. A. Bönhof, P. Linhart Instrumentation and personnel requirements Instrumentation requirements Personnel requirements Patient preparation Examination technique Laparoscopy Laparoscopic sonography Techniques of ultrasound-guided laporoscopic biopsy Potentials and indications Potentials of laparoscopic sonography Indications Complications and risks Qualitative aspects Quantitative aspects Conclusions Concluding remarks Conclusions Index