Instrument Engineers' Handbook: Process Control And Optimization (Volume - 2)

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The latest update to Bela Liptak's acclaimed "bible" of instrument engineering is now available. Retaining the format that made the previous editions bestsellers in their own right, the fourth edition of Process Control and Optimization continues the tradition of providing quick and easy access to highly practical information. The authors are practicing engineers, not theoretical people from academia, and their from-the-trenches advice has been repeatedly tested in real-life applications. Expanded coverage includes descriptions of overseas manufacturer's products and concepts, model-based optimization in control theory, new major inventions and innovations in control valves, and a full chapter devoted to safety. With more than 2000 graphs, figures, and tables, this all-inclusive encyclopedic volume replaces an entire library with one authoritative reference. The fourth edition brings the content of the previous editions completely up to date, incorporates the developments of the last decade, and broadens the horizons of the work from an American to a global perspective. Salient Features Takes a user-oriented approach, written by users for users, with an international perspective Includes the most up-to-date and complete information available Contains hundreds of figures, charts, and tables that illustrate the material Offers a self-contained, easy-to-read treatment beginning with the basics and taking nothing for granted Covers all transmitters, controllers, valves, regulators, actuators, dampers, and other drives that have been introduced since 1995 Table of Contents GENERAL Analog vs. Digital Instruments Computer Configurations of Supervisory Units Computers-Simulation by Analog and Hybrid Systems Electronic vs. Pneumatic Instruments Human Engineering Process Alarm Management Speech Synthesis and Voice Recognition Wiring Practices and Signal Conditioning CONTROL THEORY Control Basics Control Modes-PID Controllers Control Modes-PID Variations Control Modes-Digital PID Controllers Control Modes -Closed-Loop Response Control Systems-Cascade Loops Empirical Process Optimization Expert Systems Feedback and Feedforward Control Genetic and Other Evolutionary Algorithms Hierarchical Control Interaction and Decoupling Model-Based Control Model-Based Predictive Control Patents Model-Free Adaptive (MFA) Control Modeling and Simulation of Processes Model Predictive Control and Optimization Neural Networks for Process Modeling Nonlinear and Adaptive Control Optimizing Control PID Algorithms and Programming Process Gains, Time Lags, Reaction Curves Ratio Control Real-Time Performance Assessment Relative Gain Calculations Robustness: A Guide for Sensitivity and Stability Sampled Data Control Systems Selective, Override, and Limit Controls Self-Tuning Controllers Sliding Mode Control in Process Industry Software for Fuzzy Logic Control Stability Analysis, Transfer Functions State Space Control Statistical Process Control Tuning PID Controllers Tuning Level Control Loops Tuning Interacting Loops, Synchronizing Loops Tuning by Computer TRANSMITTERS AND LOCAL CONTROLLERS Controllers-Pneumatic Controllers-Electronic Converters and Dampeners Relays for Computing and Programmers Telemetering Systems Transmitters-Electronic Transmitters-Fiber-Optic Transmission Transmitters-Pneumatic Transmitters: Self-Checking and Self-Validating Transmitters: Smart, Multivariable, and Fieldbus CONTROL ROOM EQUIPMENT Annunciators and Alarms Control Centers and Panels-Traditional Control Center Upgrading Controllers-Electronic Analog and Digital CRT Displays DCS: Basic Trends and Advances DCS: Control and Simulation Advances DCS: Installation and Commissioning DCS: Integration with Buses and Networks DCS: Integration with Other Systems DCS: Management of Abnormal Situations DCS: Modern Control Graphics DCS: Operator's Graphics DCS: System Architecture Digital Readouts and Graphic Displays Fieldbuses and Network Protocols Human-Machine Interface Evolution Indicators, Analog Displays Lights Recorders, Oscillographs, Loggers, Tape Recorders Switches, Pushbuttons, Keyboards Touch Screen Displays Uninterruptible Power and Voltage Supplies (UPS and UVS) Workstation Designs PLCS AND OTHER LOGIC DEVICES Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations Ladder Diagrams Optimization of Logic Circuits PLCs: Programmable Logic Controllers PLC Programming PLC Software Advances Practical Logic Design Programmable Safety Systems Relays Solid-State Logic Elements System Integration: Computers with PLCs Time Delay Relays Timers and Programming Timers CONTROL VALVE SELECTION AND SIZING Application and Selection of Control Valves Accessories and Positioners Actuators: Digital, Electric, Hydraulic, Solenoid Actuators: Pneumatic Advanced Stem Packing Designs Capacity Testing Characteristics and Rangeability Diagnostics and Predictive Valve Maintenance Dynamic Performance of Control Valves Emergency Partial-Stroke Testing of Block Valves Fieldbus and Smart Valves Intelligent Valves, Positioners, Accessories Miscellaneous Valve and Trim Designs Valves: Noise Calculation, Prediction, and Reduction Sizing Valve Types: Ball Valves Valve Types: Butterfly Valves Valve Types: Digital Valves Valve Types: Globe Valves Valve Types: Pinch Valves Valve Types: Plug Valves Valve Types: Saunders Diaphragm Valves Valve Types: Sliding Gate Valves REGULATORS AND FINAL CONTROL ELEMENTS Dampers and Louvers Electric Energy Modulation Linear and Angular Positioning of Machinery Pumps as Control Elements Regulators-Flow Regulators-Level Regulators- Pressure Regulators-Temperature Thermostats and Humidistats Variable-Speed Drives Control and Optimization of Unit Operations Aeration and DO Controls Airhandler and Building Conditioning Controls Batch Control Description, Terminology, and Standard S88 Batch Processes and their Automation Blending and Ratio Controls Boiler Control and Optimization Centrifuge Controls Chemical Reactors: Batch Sequencing Chemical Reactors: Basic Control Strategies Chemical Reactors: Control and Optimization Chemical Reactors: Simulation and Modeling Chiller Control Chiller Optimization Clean-Room Controls and Optimization Compressor Control and Optimization Cooling Tower Control Cooling Tower Optimization Crystallizer Controls Distillation: Basic Controls Distillation: Calculations of Relative Gains Distillation: Optimization and Advanced Controls Dryer Controls Evaporator Controls Extruder Controls Fan Controls Fuel Cell Controls Furnace and Reformer Controls Header-Supplied Distribution Control Heat Exchanger Control and Optimization Inert Gas Blanketing Controls ORP Controls pH Control Power Plant Controls: Cogeneration and Combined Cycle Pump Controls Pump Optimization Rolling Mill Controls Separation Controls, Air Steam Turbine Controls Wastewater Treatment Controls Water Supply Plant Controls Well-Supplied Underground Gas Storage Controls APPENDIX International System of Units Engineering Conversion Factors Chemical Resistance of Materials (Table A.3) Composition of Metallic and Other Materials (Table A.4) Steam and Water Tables Friction Loss in Pipes Tank Volumes Partial List of Suppliers Directory of "Lost" Companies (Revised 6/2004) ISA Standards INDEX