Oracle Shell Scripting: Linux and UNIX Programming for Oracle

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Shell scripting is necessary for automating a broad range of administration tasks on Oracle servers. Many Oracle administrators and developers lack a strong system administration background and therefore manually perform these tasks at the cost of time, money and sustainability. This book will discuss how to automate many of the common Oracle administration tasks as well as the methods necessary to automate site-specific tasks. Special attention will be given to writing industry strength scripts which free the Oracle professional from daily maintenance tasks yet provide proper tracking and feedback to ensure the best possible operation. With the expert techniques discussed in this book the reader will gain a functional knowledge of the building blocks of server-side shell scripting. In addition to these techniques the reader will gain access to over 50 working scripts which can either be implemented as-is or be used as a basis for further scripts. Topics include a background on shells and shell scripting, detailed step-by-step instructions on building shell scripts for administration tasks, how to tell when things are working right and how to effectively monitor the system for failures. Shell scripting is one of the most universal tools on UNIX and Linux. Shell scripting allows the administrator to combine any number of commands to be executed simultaneously or sequentially with a single script. Sophisticated flow control allows shell scripts to react to conditions in the environment appropriately without the need for human intervention. These scripts can be run manually to combine many steps into a single command. Regular tasks can be automated through the use of 'cron' freeing the administrator from the burden of repeatedly executing scripts. This book is intended for any Oracle professional who is running Oracle on Linux or UNIX. The techniques discussed span all versions of Oracle and will be applicable by Oracle administrators, database developers, database programmers and anyone else who spends time at a UNIX prompt. This book combines shell scripting techniques for beginner to expert with dozens of working scripts. The skills discussed in this book will help the Oracle professional automate routine tasks freeing the administrator for more important duties. The scripts included with this text will give the Oracle professional a fantastic head-start on automating their administration duties as well as being easily modifiable for any environment. This combination of techniques and working scripts provide a complete sustainable solution for automating and improving any Oracle environment. Key Features Understand what shell scripting can do for you Learn how to write your own shell scripts Learn important development and troubleshooting skills Expand your understanding of the UNIX and Linux environment Configure your shell to allow you to work more efficiently Save hours of development with over 50 working shell scripts to implement as-is or use as a basis for your own scripts Simplify administration by combining individual tasks into shell scripts Automate regular maintenance tasks Monitor system availability and performance Why this book rocks: Oracle Shell Scripting fulfills a unique niche for the Oracle Professional. While many books cover the installation and configuration of Oracle on UNIX and Linux the Oracle professional is then set adrift in their new environment.This book is their roadmap in that new environment. Oracle Shell Scripting excels at elevating the skills and confidence of the UNIX novice. By focusing specifically on the tools needed by Oracle Professionals the tutorial portion of the book remains succinct and is complimented by the provided scripts saving the Oracle professional hours of work! This combination of how-to and scripts will render other 'pocket reference' books redundant while still entering at a lower price point than most version specific books. Other books in this space are version-centric and fail to thoroughly address UNIX and Linux topics important to the Oracle professional. This version-agnostic book addresses the shell scripting skills necessary for the Oracle professional to master their UNIX environment and to simplify and automate their administration tasks.

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Jon Emmons has many years of full-time experience running Oracle in a UNIX environment. His Oracle experience is reinforced by his many years as a UNIX system administrator. Jon has published extensively about Oracle on his website which continues to receive acclaim from the Oracle community. Jon's work experience includes both industry and education. In addition to his technical abilities Jon has also been called upon to teach a college course indatabase management systems. Table of Contents Chapter 1: UNIX and Shell Scripting Common Ground UNIX and its many flavors Why UNIX? What is a shell? sh bash and other shells The UNIX kernel Memory and swap Processes Files and file systems Why Shell Scripting? The shell Oracle and you When to script A warning about script bloat Building a shell script Chapter 2: Key Concepts Getting to your shell What shell am I in? Switching shells on-the-fly Differences between interactive and non-interactive modes Commands options arguments and input Shell Variables Conditions and if statements Loops Wildcards and Pattern Matching Relative and Absolute Paths Tilde the Short Way Home Permissions & Ownership Chapter 3: Setting up your environment Configuring your default shell Changing the Default Shell with usermod Changing Your Own Default Shell with the chsh Command Entering a shell bash Shell Login Behavior Bourne Shell Login Behavior Non-Interactive Shell Behavior Setting Your Command Prompt Basic Command Prompts Special Prompt Characters Variables and Commands in Prompts Setting Up the Binary Path The Manual Path The Library Path Aliases Keeping your scripts organized The .forward file Default Permissions and umask Chapter 4: Key tools man - The Online Manual Pages Text Editors Command-line and Graphical Editors – In Brief vi - The Visual Editor Manipulating Text Searching with grep More Complex Searches with egrep sed Text Substitution Breaking Out Columns with cut Using awk to Find Just What You Need Sort - Get Things in Order View the Beginning or End of a File Counting Characters Words and Lines with wc Managing Processes Stopping the Current Process Finding and Stopping Other Processes Viewing running processes with ps Ending running processes with the kill command pgrep and pkill Examining how long a command takes Job Control - Running Jobs in the Background Making sure things keep running with nohup File and Directory Ownership and Permissions Managing the owner and group of a file Managing File Permissions How Permissions Affect Directories Securing Important Files Manipulating Input and Output Redirecting Standard Input Redirecting Standard Output and Standard Error Linking Output to Input with Pipes Performing Math with expr Chapter 5: Simple Scripting Setting Up Your First Script The Significance of the Shebang Commenting Your Script Variables Variable Scope Variable Names Using Arguments in Your Script Prompting for Input Debugging Shell Scripts Place Temporary Markers in the Script Echo Variables to the Display Starting the Script in Debug Mode Chapter 6: Interacting with SQL*Plus Calling SQL Scripts from Shell Scripts Embedding SQL within a Shell Script Prompting for a password Reading a Password from a File Running shell commands from SQL*Plus Passing variables into SQL*Plus SQL Script Arguments Shell Variables and Embedded SQL Getting Information Out of SQL*Plus Chapter 7: Making Decisions Conditional Expressions Comparing Numbers Comparing Text Checking Files Combining Comparisons Making Simple Decisions with if and else Secondary Checks with elif Choosing from a list with case The while Loop The for Loop Breaking Out of Loops Nesting Loops Chapter 8: Checking and Reporting Results The Exit Status: The Unseen Result Setting the Exit Status of a Shell Script Setting the Exit Status for SQL*Plus Scanning Logs for Output Checking the Output of Commands Chapter 9: Making the Shell Behave Listing multiple commands on one line Conditional Execution Listing Long Commands on Multiple Lines Backslash as an Escape Character Single Quotes Double Quotes Back Quotes Exit a Shell Script Anytime Chapter 10: Making Scripts Run Automatically Scheduling Repeating Tasks with Cron The cron Daemon crontab Command Options The Format of the crontab File crontab Entries Scheduling One-Time Tasks with at Performing Tasks On Login Chapter 11: Reaching Further Transferring Files between Systems sftp - Secure FTP scp - Secure Copy Executing commands on another system Keep Directories in Sync with rsync Getting Past the Password Problem Executing Commands with Another User’s Permissions Using su to become Another User Emailing from scripts Emailing System Users and the .forward File Emails from cron and at Jobs The mail command Chapter 12: Oracle Database Maintenance Monitoring and Maintaining the Alert Log Checking for Errors in the Alert Log Rotating the Alert Log Finding and removing old dump files Monitoring Tablespace Usage Clean Up Old Statspack Data Check Certain Database Accounts are Locked Cleaning Old Data Out of Tables Execute a SQL Script on Every Database Copy the TNSNames File to a List of Systems Chapter 13: Backup Scripts Cold Backups without RMAN Hot Backups without RMAN Hot Backups with RMAN Database and Schema Export Chapter 14: Oracle Database Monitoring Listener Availability Database Availability Monitor Free Space within Tablespaces Table is Writeable Readable or Other Specific SQL Check for Invalid Objects Chapter 15: Oracle Application Server Starting and Stopping Oracle Application Server Cleaning Up Web Server Log Files Starting and Stopping the Application Server Console Check Running OPMN Processes Chapter 16: Monitoring the System Checking the System Log Monitoring disk space Find the Size of a Directory Monitoring system load Save Load Averages in Oracle Gathering CPU Usage Statistics from sar Synchronize a Directory on Several Systems Chapter 17: Windows Scripting What’s Different in Windows? Database Exports RMAN backups Running a SQL Script Other Scripting Options for Windows Scheduling Scripts in Windows