Second Language Learning and Language Teaching

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The fourth edition of this classic textbook has been revised to reflect recent developments in language teaching and learning yet retains the basic structure and approach so popular with its readers. Teachingand learning content has been updated, particularly taking into account the rise of task-based learning, Conversational Analysis and social models of second language acquisition, changes in national syllabuses and examinations and the increasing controversy over the role of the native speaker target. Each chapter has been revised to stand alone, enabling the text to be taught and studied out of sequence if preferred. A set of focusing questions has also been added to each chapter and further reading sections have been updated. In addition, icons appear throughout the text signaling where extra information – summaries, data, lecture notes, test batteries and more – can be found on the author’s accompanying website. Second Language Learning and Language Teaching remains the essential textbook for all student teachers of modern languages and TESOL as well as applied linguistics. Table of Contents Background to second language acquisition research and language teaching   The Scope of this book   Common Assumptions of language teaching   What is second language acquisition research?   What a teacher can expect from SLA research   Some background ideas of SLA research   Discussion topics  Glosses on language teaching methods   Learning and teaching different types of grammar   What is grammar?   Structure words, morphemes and sequences of acquisition   The processability model   Principles and parameters grammar   L2 learning of grammar and L2 teaching   The role of explicit grammar in language teaching   Discussion topics   Some grammatical terms Learning and teaching vocabulary   Word frequency   Knowledge of words   One word-store or two in the L2 user’s mind?   Types of meaning   Strategies for understanding and learning vocabulary   Vocabulary and teaching   Discussion topics   Answers Acquiring and teaching pronunciation   Phonemes and second language acquisition   Learning syllable structure   General ides about phonology learning   Choosing a model for teaching pronunciation   Learning and teaching pronunciation   Discussion topics Acquiring and teaching a new writing system   Writing systems   Spelling   Punctuation   The writing system and language teaching   Discussion topics   Answers Strategies for communicating and learning   Communication strategies   Learning strategies: how do learners vary their approaches to L2 learning?   Discussion topics   Answers Listening and reading processes   Meaning and reading   Listening process   Discussion topics Individual difference in L2 users and L2 learners   Motivation for L2 learning   Attitudes   Aptitude: are some people better at learning a second language than others?   Age: are young L2 learners better than old learners?   Are other personality traits important to L2 learning?   Discussion topics Classroom interaction and Conversation Analysis Language and interaction inside the classroom Language input and language learning Describing conversation Discussion topics The L2 user and the native speaker   The L2 user versus the native speaker in language teaching   Codeswitching by second language users   Using the first language in the classroom   Are native speakers better language teachers?   International languages: English as lingua franca (ELF)   Discussion topics The goals of language teaching   The different roles of second languages in people’s lives   Language and groups of speakers   The goals of language teaching   Discussion topics General models of L2 learning   Universal Grammar   Processing models   The socio-educational model   The interaction approach   Sociocultural SLA theory   Multi-competence – the L2 user approach   General Issues   Discussion topics Second language learning and language teaching styles   The academic style   The audio-lingual style   The communicative style   The task-based learning style   The mainstream EFL style   Other styles   Conclusion   Discussion topics.