Reactive Power Control In Electrical Systems

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A unified approach to the fundamental principles and practices of reactive power control in AC power systems. Emphasizes voltage control, variable loads, and transmission. Covers high voltage and distribution systems, plus compensation equipment. Includes many practical numerical examples and useful formulas. Deals with real-world problems and solutions. Table Of Contents 1. The Theory of Load Compensation 1. Introduction: The Requirement for Compensation 2. Objectives in Load Compensation 3. The Ideal Compensator 4. Practical Considerations 5. Fundamental Theory of Compensation: Power-Factor Correction and Voltage and Voltage Regulation in Single-Phase Systems 6. Approximate Reactive Power Characteristics 7. An Example 8. Load Compensator as a Voltage Regulator 9. Phase Balancing and Power-Factor Correction of Unsymmetrical Loads 10. Conclusion Appendix References 2. The Theory of Steady-State Reactive Power Control in Electric Transmission Systems 1. Introduction 2. Uncompensated Transmission Lines 3. Compensated Transmission Lines 4. Passive Shunt Compensation 5. Series Compensation 6. Compensation by Sectioning (Dynamic Shunt Compensation) References 3. Reactive Power Compensation and The Dynamic Performance of Transmission Systems 1. Introduction 2. Four Characteristic Time Periods 3. Passive Shunt Compensation 4. Static Compensators 5. Synchronous Condensers 6. Series Capacitor Compensation 7. Summary References 4. Principles of Static Compensators 1. Compensator Applications 2. The Thyristor-Controlled Reactor (TCR) and Related Types of Compensator 3. The thyristor-Switched Capacitor 4. Saturated-Reactor Compensators 5. Summary 6. Future Developments and Requirements 5. Design of thyristor Controllers 1. Thyristors 2. The Thyristor as a Switch; Ratings 3. Thermal Consideration 4. Cooling System 5. Cooling System 6. An Example of a Thyristor controller References 6. An Example of A Modern Static Compensator 1. Introduction 2. Basic Arrangement 3. Description of Main Components 4. Control System of Thyristor Controller 5. Performance Testing 7. Series Capacitors 1. Introduction 2. History 3. General Equipment Design 4. Protective Gear 5. Reinsertion Schemes 6. Varistor Protective Gear 7. Resonance Effects with Series Capacitors 8. Summary References 8. Synchronous Condensers 1. Introduction 2. Condenser Design Features 3. Basic Electrical Characteristics 4. Condenser Operation 5. Starting Methods 6. Station Design Considerations 7. Summary References 9. Reactive Compensation and The Electric Arc Furnace 1. Introduction 2. The Arc Furnace as an Electrical Load 3. Flicker and Principles of Its Compensation 4. Thyristor-Controlled Compensators 5. Saturated-Reactor Compensators References 10. Harmonics 1. Introduction 2. Harmonic Sources 3. Effect of Harmonics on Electrical Equipment 4. Resonance, Shunt Capacitors, and Filters 5. Filter Systems 6. Telephone Interference References 11. Reactive Power Coordination 1. Introduction 2. Reactive Power Management 3. Conclusions References Selected Bibliography Index